HTTP请求中的常用消息头
accept:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,它所支持的数据类型
Accept-Charset: 浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,它支持哪种字符集 Accept-Encoding:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,支持的压缩格式 Accept-Language:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,它的语言环境 Host:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,想访问哪台主机 If-Modified-Since: 浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,缓存数据的时间 Referer:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,客户机是哪个页面来的 防盗链 Connection:浏览器通过这个头告诉服务器,请求完后是断开链接还是何持链接状态行
常用响应头:
HTTP响应中的常用响应头(消息头)
Location: 服务器通过这个头,来告诉浏览器跳到哪里 Server:服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器服务器的型号 Content-Encoding:服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器,数据的压缩格式 Content-Length: 服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器回送数据的长度 Content-Language: 服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器语言环境 Content-Type:服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器回送数据的类型 Refresh:服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器定时刷新 Content-Disposition: 服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器以下载方式打数据 Transfer-Encoding:服务器通过这个头,告诉浏览器数据是以分块方式回送的 Expires: -1 控制浏览器不要缓存 Cache-Control: no-cache Pragma: no-cache在服务端设置响应头来控制客户端浏览器的行为
1、设置Location响应头,实现请求重定向
1 package gacl.http.study; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 4 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 7 /** 8 * @author gacl 9 * 10 */ 11 public class ServletDemo01 extends HttpServlet { 12 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 13 throws ServletException, IOException { 14 15 response.setStatus(302);//设置服务器的响应状态码 16 /** 17 *设置响应头,服务器通过 Location这个头,来告诉浏览器跳到哪里,这就是所谓的请求重定向 18 */ 19 response.setHeader("Location", "/JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/1.jsp"); 20 } 21 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 22 throws ServletException, IOException { 23 this.doGet(request, response); 24 } 25 }
当在浏览器中使用URL地址"http://localhost:8080 /JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/servlet/ServletDemo01"访问 ServletDemo01时,就可以看到服务器作出响应后发送到浏览器的状态码和响应头信息,如下图所示:
服务器返回一个302状态码告诉浏览器,你要的资源我没有,但是我通过Location响应头告诉你哪里有,而浏览器解析响应头 Location后知道要跳转到/JavaWeb_HttpProtocol_Study_20140528/1.jsp页面,所以就会自动跳转到 1.jsp,如下图所示:
2、设置Content-Encoding响应头,告诉浏览器数据的压缩格式
1 package gacl.http.study; 2 3 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; 4 import java.io.IOException; 5 import java.util.zip.GZIPOutputStream; 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 10 /** 11 * @author gacl 12 *这个小程序是用来演示以下两个小知识点 13 *1、使用GZIPOutputStream流来压缩数据 14 *2、设置响应头Content-Encoding来告诉浏览器,服务器发送回来的数据压缩后的格式 15 */ 16 public class ServletDemo02 extends HttpServlet { 17 18 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 19 throws ServletException, IOException { 20 String data = "abcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" + 21 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabc" + 22 "dabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabc" + 23 "dabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" + 24 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" + 25 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" + 26 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdab" + 27 "cdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcdabcd"; 28 System.out.println("原始数据的大小为:" + data.getBytes().length); 29 30 ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); 31 GZIPOutputStream gout = new GZIPOutputStream(bout); //buffer 32 gout.write(data.getBytes()); 33 gout.close(); 34 //得到压缩后的数据 35 byte g[] = bout.toByteArray(); 36 response.setHeader("Content-Encoding", "gzip"); 37 response.setHeader("Content-Length",g.length +""); 38 response.getOutputStream().write(g); 39 } 40 41 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 42 throws ServletException, IOException { 43 this.doGet(request, response); 44 } 45 }
服务器发给浏览器的响应信息如下:
浏览器支持的压缩格式有:
3、设置content-type响应头,指定回送数据类型
1 package gacl.http.study; 2 import java.io.IOException; 3 import java.io.InputStream; 4 import java.io.OutputStream; 5 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 9 public class ServletDemo03 extends HttpServlet { 10 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 11 throws ServletException, IOException { 12 /** 13 * 浏览器能接收(Accept)的数据类型有: 14 * application/x-ms-application, 15 * image/jpeg, 16 * application/xaml+xml, 17 * image/gif, 18 * image/pjpeg, 19 * application/x-ms-xbap, 20 * application/vnd.ms-excel, 21 * application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, 22 * application/msword, 23 */ 24 response.setHeader("content-type", "image/jpeg");//使用content-type响应头指定发送给浏览器的数据类型为"image/jpeg" 25 //读取位于项目根目录下的img文件夹里面的WP_20131005_002.jpg这张图片,返回一个输入流 26 InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/img/WP_20131005_002.jpg"); 27 byte buffer[] = new byte[1024]; 28 int len = 0; 29 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();//得到输出流 30 while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { //读取输入流(in)里面的内容存储到缓冲区(buffer) 31 out.write(buffer, 0, len);//将缓冲区里面的内容输出到浏览器 32 } 33 } 34 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 35 throws ServletException, IOException { 36 this.doGet(request, response); 37 } 38 }
服务器发给浏览器的响应信息如下:
ServletDemo03的运行结果如下图所示:
在浏览器中显示出了图片
4、设置refresh响应头,让浏览器定时刷新
1 package gacl.http.study; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 5 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 8 9 public class ServletDemo04 extends HttpServlet { 10 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 11 throws ServletException, IOException { 12 /** 13 * 设置refresh响应头,让浏览器每隔3秒定时刷新 14 */ 15 // response.setHeader("refresh", "3"); 16 /** 17 * 设置refresh响应头,让浏览器3秒后跳转到http://www.baidu.com 18 */ 19 response.setHeader("refresh", "3;url='http://www.baidu.com'"); 20 response.getWriter().write("gacl"); 21 } 22 23 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 24 throws ServletException, IOException { 25 this.doGet(request, response); 26 } 27 28 }
5、设置content-disposition响应头,让浏览器下载文件
1 package gacl.http.study; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 import java.io.InputStream; 5 import java.io.OutputStream; 6 7 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 11 12 public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet { 13 public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 14 throws ServletException, IOException { 15 /** 16 * 设置content-disposition响应头,让浏览器下载文件 17 */ 18 response.setHeader("content-disposition", "attachment;filename=xxx.jpg"); 19 InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/img/1.jpg"); 20 byte buffer[] = new byte[1024]; 21 int len = 0; 22 OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream(); 23 while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { 24 out.write(buffer, 0, len); 25 } 26 } 27 28 public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) 29 throws ServletException, IOException { 30 this.doGet(request, response); 31 } 32 33 }
在浏览器中访问ServletDemo05就会弹出文件下载框,如下图所示:
参考博客:孤傲苍狼